Yeah, 43150 is where it starts, i.e. with GNOME 48. The terminal font issue is very irritating indeed, though I am guessing they will fix it pretty soon.
Gnome updates often give us a lot of headache. I can reproduce the problem, and setting custom font in preferences (for the Unnamed Profile in my case) does resolve it. I don’t currently have an idea how to fix it unfortunately.
Sure enough, the new fonts do seem to be causing the issue. I downloaded the new Adwaita fonts and installed them, and my terminal is now looking correctly spaced.
If you want to try for yourself, you can grab the Adwaita fonts file, unzip, open each one in the Fonts application and install from there.