Okay, the issue is fixed.
Problem was the kernel I was using, which was native.
Version 5.19.1-1175.native does not work very well with Chromium-based browsers hardware acceleration on my netbook, while 5.15.60-3.lts2021 works flawlessly.
Should I report this to the Clear Linux’s GitHub Issues page? I’m not sure if that’s the correct place. Thanks!